Napoleon’s demands for compliance with the Continental System ultimately backfired the refusal of Portugal and Russia to cooperate triggered the Peninsular War (1807–14) Wellington’s victory at Salamanca on 22 July 1822 led to the liberation of Madrid, dashing Napoleon’s designs in Spain. While this caused economic distress to the British economy and fomented internal discontent, it rebounded on Napoleon the British counter-blockaded and used their naval superiority to prevent US ships from delivering goods to the continent. Napoleon, determined to starve Britain of money and destroy its economy, implemented the Continental System: an embargo on trade with Britain, which prohibited Britain from trading with his empire and its allies. His fraught relationship with the papacy had resulted in his excommunication, and his subsequent kidnapping and imprisonment of Pius VII.īritain, whom he dismissed as a ‘nation of shopkeepers’, continued to fight Napoleon and paid European coalition members to field armies against him. While Napoleon abhorred feudalism, he practised wholesale nepotism his siblings Caroline, Jerome and Louis were either ineffective governors or actively conspired against their brother. From 1811, France experienced a prolonged economic crisis exacerbated by Britain’s economic blockade, poor harvests and the collapse of French textiles and banking industries. Also, ECR’s sessions are available on demand on this platform, extending the value of the knowledge transfer far beyond the 5 days of the congress.On the eve of his invasion of Russia in 1812, the French military commander and emperor Napoleon was notionally at the height of his power, presiding over an empire of 130 departments and 70 million people, but ominous cracks were already appearing in his imperium. On ESR Connect you can ‘ participate from home’ while still claiming CME credits.
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